23andMe CEO says she ‘stands behind the data’ in a response to the FDA

After 48 hours of silence, 23andMe issued a response to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s public warning letter, which asked the home genetic-testing service to cease selling and marketing its kit.

23andMe has stayed quiet in response to the media firestorm, referring press to a short and rather conciliatory statement on the company blog. However, this morning, 23andMe chief executive Anne Wojcicki shared their side of the story and promised to provide further updates as the case develops.

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It’s clear that 23andMe believes its actions will have implications for other companies in the genetic-testing field. The use of the phrase “lay the groundwork” is particularly interesting, and it suggests the company realizes that its actions could define how the FDA regulates direct-to-consumer genetic tests.

Wojcicki stresses that she “stands behind the data” despite the FDA’s fears that test results are not accurate and/or clinically validated. “This is new territory,” she writes. “This makes the regulatory process with the FDA important because the work we are doing with the agency will help lay the groundwork for what other companies in this new industry do in the future.”

In its stiff warning letter (delivered on Friday and made public on Monday), the FDA requested that 23andMe stop marketing its testing kit and provide specific actions to address its various concerns within 15 days. As of this report, the 23andMe test is still up for sale on the company’s website.

Innovation vs. regulation

This is by no means a clear-cut issue — it has caused dispute among bioethics experts and law professors for years. This particular case touches on complex issues of privacy, freedom of information, the proper classification of medical devices, and the (often precarious) balance between innovation and regulation.

Silicon Valley-based 23andMe claims that it is “saving lives” by delivering clinical data, such as your risk of developing breast cancer or Parkinson’s disease. The company says in its marketing materials that it will provide “health reports on 254 diseases and conditions.”

23andMe is not the first genetic test on the market, but it is the best known “direct to consumer” play. It is also the last company doing this after its rivals were acquired or simply ran out of money. 23andMe believes it’s cutting out the middle man by delivering results straight to you — in the past, doctors would order the tests on the patient’s behalf, and a genetic counselor would typically be on hand to decipher the results.

The FDA has not issued much clear direction about how it intends to regulate direct-to-consumer companies like 23andMe — a final guidance is still under development. However, 23andMe appears to have provoked the agency by ramping up its marketing to consumers. Far more troubling, the agency says 23andMe has failed to prove that the data is accurate.

“There should be sufficient or reasonable assurance the test results people are getting are accurate and that people are getting clear information about how to interpret those tests,” said Courtney Lias, the director of chemistry and toxicology devices at the FDA, in an interview with San Francisco NPR affiliate KQED.

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23andMe has been working with the FDA since 2008, and this isn’t letter isn’t its first hurdle. However, for reasons that are not yet clear, 23andMe has not responded to the FDA in e-mail or other forms of written communication in almost six months. As I reported, this communication gap coincided with 23andMe’s aggressive marketing campaign on social media sites and broadcast TV networks.

What do the experts say?

Professors like Nita Farahany, who specializes in genome sciences and policy and law at Duke University, is far more sympathetic to 23andMe. She argued on KQED’s “Forum” talk show earlier this week that we’ll see far more people getting trained to be genetic counselors in the near future. Farahany, who ordered a 23andMe test for her family, believes that it’s good for patients to gain access to data about their health.

On the other hand, Hank Greely, a law professor and biosciences expert, says most people are not informed enough to manage the results, which could have some serious health implications. Greely also argues that 23andMe’s technology will soon be a thing of the past, given that it now costs less than $5,000 to sequence an entire human genome. 23andMe uses SNP chips, which have now become obsolete for most genetic testing.

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Related: Catch the full discussion between myself, Nita Farahany and Hank Greeley, a law professor at Stanford University, on KQED’s “Forum” call-in talk show.

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Another issue under discussion is whether 23andMe’s Personal Genome Service and saliva collection kit should be considered a Class III medical device under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act at all. Many academics have argued that it shouldn’t be classified as such: How can a tube for collecting saliva be a regulated device?

The FDA has made clear that it will diagnostic tests when sold as kits to consumers (like 23andMe) and doctors but not when done directly by the labs based on samples collected by others.

23andMe has not addressed this particular item head on, but policy experts believe that the company may fight this assumption. “My gut tells me that the company isn’t challenging process but is instead challenging the very regulatory definition of what it is to be a device,” said senior policy health strategist Lauren Fifield.

For more information on this potentially landmark case, review our in-depth analysis here and a blog post from Greely. Read the full 23andMe update to the FDA here:

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23andMe was started in 2007 with the belief that consumers have the right to get access to their genetic information and that information can help them live healthier lives.

It is absolutely critical that our consumers get high quality genetic data that they can trust.   We have worked extensively with our lab partner to make sure that the results we return are accurate.  We stand behind the data that we return to customers — but we recognize that the FDA needs to be convinced of the quality of our data as well.

In 2008 we began our dialogue with the FDA. The relationship with the FDA remains critically important to 23andMe.

In July 2012, 23andMe submitted its first application for FDA clearance and followed on with another submission at the end of August. We received feedback on those submissions and acknowledge that we are behind schedule with our responses.

This is new territory for both for 23andMe and the FDA. This makes the regulatory process with the FDA important because the work we are doing with the agency will help lay the groundwork for what other companies in this new industry do in the future. It will also provide important reassurance to the public that the process and science behind the service meet the rigorous standards required by those entrusted with the public’s safety.

I am committed to making sure that 23andMe is a trusted consumer product. I believe that genetic information can lead to better decisions and healthier lives — a goal that all of us share.

We will provide updates as they become available.